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我国天然气掺氢产业发展研究

仲冰,张学秀,张博,彭苏萍

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 100-107 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.011

摘要：

氢能产业是实现终端用能绿色低碳转型的重要依托，而氢能输送效率是现阶段制约氢能产业发展的瓶颈环节；天然气管道掺氢输送可在短期内提升氢能的时空调配规模与效率，为扩大氢能应用规模提供解决方案。本文在界定天然气掺氢产业链范畴的基础上，探讨了发展天然气掺氢产业在推动氢能产业发展、解决可再生能源消纳、保障能源供应安全、实现终端用能深度减碳、推动能源科技创新等方面的重要价值；梳理了天然气掺氢产业的国际进展、国内现状，据此凝练了掺氢比例、管材及终端设备适应性、安全性、经济性等关键问题。研究建议，加强天然气掺氢产业顶层设计，构建适合我国国情的天然气掺氢产业安全监管、技术与运营管理标准体系；以政府引导、企业主导、多方参与、利益共享为原则，积极布局掺氢天然气示范项目；探索形成掺氢天然气多元化应用场景与商业模式，培育健康可持续的天然气掺氢产业生态圈，从而稳步推动掺氢天然气产业规模化发展。

关键词： 天然气掺氢     氢能运输     天然气管网     可再生能源消纳     产业规模化    

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Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 560-568 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0588-5

摘要： Renewable energy is the key to meeting increasing electricity demand and the decarburization targets in the generation mix. However, due to constrained power network capacity, a large volume of renewable generation is curtailed particularly from wind power, which is a huge waste of resources. There are typically three approaches to addressing excessive renewable: direct curtailment, the reinforcement of networks to expand transfer capacity, and the conversion of excessive renewable into other energy types, such as hydrogen, to transport. The costs and benefits of the three approaches could vary significantly across location, time, and penetration of renewable energy. This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis and comparison of the three techniques to address wind curtailment. It uses a reduced 16-busbar UK transmission network to analyze the performance of the three approaches. The UK 2020 generation mix is used to quantify the saved renewable energy and incurred costs. The payback time and net present value of the two investment techniques are compared. From demonstration, it is reasonable to conclude that converting excessive wind power into hydrogen to transport is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to address wind curtailment.

关键词： blending hydrogen     cost-benefit analysis     electrolysis     wind curtailment    

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Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 702-717 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1861-9

摘要： The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ·kg in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ·kg .

关键词： bio-oil     blending     supercritical     upgrading     characterisation    

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Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0875-5

摘要： Two types of amphiphilic nanoparticles were prepared via silanization reaction. Amphiphilic nanoparticles tend to protrude from membrane matrix by segregation. Blending with amphiphilic nanoparticles further enhances membrane hydrophilicity. Excessive silanization cause adverse effect on blending efficiency. Membrane modification is one of the most feasible and effective solutions to membrane fouling problem which tenaciously hampered the further augmentation of membrane separation technology. Blending modification with nanoparticles (NPs), owing to the convenience of being incorporated in established membrane production lines, possesses an advantageous viability in practical applications. However, the existing blending strategy suffers from a low utilization efficiency due to NP encasement by membrane matrix. The current study proposed an improved blending modification approach with amphiphilic NPs (aNPs), which were prepared through silanization using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) as coupling agents and ZnO or SiO as pristine NPs (pNPs), respectively. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of appropriate organic components in both the ZnO and SiO aNPs, which verified the success of the silanization process. As compared with the pristine and conventional pNP-blended membranes, both the ZnO aNP-blended and SiO aNP-blended membranes with proper silanization (100% and 200% w/w) achieved a significantly increased blending efficiency with more NPs scattering on the internal and external membrane surfaces under scanning electron microscope observation. This improvement contributed to the increase of membrane hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, an extra dosage of the TMSPMA led to an encasement of NPs, thereby adversely affecting the properties of the resultant membranes. On the basis of all the tests, 100% (w/w) was selected as the optimum TMSPMA dosage for blending modification for both the ZnO and SiO types.

关键词： Membrane modification     Nanoparticle     Hydrophilic     Amphiphilic     Blending    

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Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 214-226 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017022

摘要： The empirical Complex Model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is used by refiners to predict the toxic emissions of reformulated gasoline with respect to gasoline properties. The difficulty in implementing this model in the blending process stems from the implicit definition of Complex Model through a series of disjunctions assembled by the EPA in the form of spreadsheets. A major breakthrough in the refinery-based Complex Model implementation occurred in 2008 and 2010 through the use of generalized disjunctive and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Nevertheless, the execution time of these MINLP models remains prohibitively long to control emissions with our online gasoline blender. The first objective of this study is to present a new model that decreases the execution time of our online controller. The second objective is to consider toxic thresholds as hard constraints to be verified and search for blends that verify them. Our approach introduces a new way to write the Complex Model without any binary or integer variables. Sigmoid functions are used herein to approximate step functions until the measurement precision for each blend property is reached. By knowing this level of precision, we are able to propose an extremely good and differentiable approximation of the Complex Model. Next, a differentiable objective function is introduced to penalize emission values higher than the threshold emissions. Our optimization module has been implemented and tested with real data. The execution time never exceeded 1 s, which allows the online regulation of emissions the same way as other traditional properties of blended gasoline.

关键词： emissions     reformulated gasoline     online control     global optimization    

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Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1249-1260 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0770-4

摘要： This study extended blending proportion range of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends, and investigated effects of proportions on setting time, workability, and strength development of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to help understand the performance of OPC-CSA blend-based mixtures. The setting time of the OPC-CSA blends was extended, and the workability was improved with increase of OPC content. Although the early-age strength decreased with increase of OPC content, the strength development was still very fast when the OPC content was lower than 60% due to the rapid formation and accumulation of ettringite. At 2 h, the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars with OPC contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% achieved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 17.5, 13.9, 9.6, and 5.0 MPa, respectively. The OPC content had a negligible influence on long-term strength. At 90 d, the average UCS of the OPC-CSA blend-based mortars was 39.2 ± 1.7 MPa.

关键词： calcium sulfoaluminate cement     cement blends     hydration reaction     setting     workability     compressive strength    

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PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized

Shuai Wang, Tong Li, Chen Chen, Baicang Liu, John C. Crittenden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0980-0

摘要： Polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PVDF-g-PEGMA) was synthesized using atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at different reaction times (9 h, 19 h, and 29 h). The corresponding conversion rates were 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. PVDF was blended with the copolymer mixture containing PVDF-g-PEGMA, solvent and residual PEGMA under different reaction times. In this study, we explored the effect of the copolymer mixture additives with different synthesis times on cast membrane performance. Increasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA causes more PVDF-g-PEGMA and less residual PEGMA to be found in the casting solution. Incremental PVDF-g-PEGMA can dramatically increase the viscosity of the casting solution. An overly high viscosity led to a delayed phase inversion, thus hindering PEGMA segments in PVDF-g-PEGMA from migrating to the membrane surface. However, more residual PEGMA contributed to helping more PEGMA segments migrate to the membrane surface. The pure water fluxes of the blended membrane with reaction times of 9 h, 19 h, and 29 h are 5445 L·m ·h , 1068 L·m ·h and 1179 L·m ·h , respectively, at 0.07 MPa. Delayed phase inversion can form smaller surface pore size distributions, thus decreasing the water flux for the membranes with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h and 29 h. Therefore, we can control the membrane pore size distribution by decreasing the reaction time of PVDF-g-PEGMA to obtain a better flux performance. The membrane with PVDF-g-PEGMA at 19 h exhibits the best foulant rejection and cleaning recovery due to its narrow pore size distribution and high surface oxygen content.

关键词： Polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membrane     Amphiphilic copolymer     Blended modification     High flux     Atomic transfer radical polymerization    

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A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 102-122 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0861-0

摘要： Targeting the net-zero emission (NZE) by 2050, the hydrogen industry is drastically developing in recent years. However, the technologies of hydrogen upstream production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream utilization are facing obstacles. In this paper, the development of hydrogen industry from the production, transportation and storage, and sustainable economic development perspectives were reviewed. The current challenges and future outlooks were summarized consequently. In the upstream, blue hydrogen is dominating the current hydrogen supply, and an implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) can raise its cost by 30%. To achieve an economic feasibility, green hydrogen needs to reduce its cost by 75% to approximately 2 /kg at the large scale. The research progress in the midterm sector is still in a preliminary stage, where experimental and theoretical investigations need to be conducted in addressing the impact of embrittlement, contamination, and flammability so that they could provide a solid support for material selection and large-scale feasibility studies. In the downstream utilization, blue hydrogen will be used in producing value-added chemicals in the short-term. Over the long-term, green hydrogen will dominate the market owing to its high energy intensity and zero carbon intensity which provides a promising option for energy storage. Technologies in the hydrogen industry require a comprehensive understanding of their economic and environmental benefits over the whole life cycle in supporting operators and policymakers.

关键词： hydrogen production     hydrogen transportation and storage     hydrogen economy     carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)     technology assessment    

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Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 34-63 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2050-1

摘要： H2S is well-known as a colorless, acidic gas, with a notoriously rotten-egg smell. It was recently revealed that H2S is also an endogenous signaling molecule that has important biological functions, however, most of its physiology and pathology remains elusive. Therefore, the enthusiasm for H2S research remains. Fluorescence imaging technology is an important tool for H2S biology research. The development of fluorescence imaging technology has realized the study of H2S in subcellular organelles, facilitated by the development of fluorescent probes. The probes reviewed in this paper were categorized according to their chemical mechanism of sensing and were divided into three groups: H2S reducibility-based probes, H2S nucleophilicity-based probes, and metal sulfide precipitation-based probes. The structure of the probes, their sensing mechanism, and imaging results have been discussed in detail. Moreover, we also introduced some probes for hydrogen polysulfides.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide     fluorescent probe     reducibility     nucleophilicity     copper sulfide precipitate     hydrogen polysulfides    

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Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel: A review

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 585-610 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0886-4

摘要： Production of hydrogen, one of the most promising alternative clean fuels, through catalytic conversion from fossil fuel is the most technically and economically feasible technology. Catalytic conversion of natural gas into hydrogen and carbon is thermodynamically favorable under atmospheric conditions. However, using noble metals as a catalyst is costly for hydrogen production, thus mandating non-noble metal-based catalysts such as Ni, Co, and Cu-based alloys. This paper reviews the various hydrogen production methods from fossil fuels through pyrolysis, partial oxidation, autothermal, and steam reforming, emphasizing the catalytic production of hydrogen via steam reforming of methane. The multicomponent catalysts composed of several non-noble materials have been summarized. Of the Ni, Co, and Cu-based catalysts investigated in the literature, Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is the most economical and performs best because it suppresses the coke formation on the catalyst. To avoid carbon emission, this method of hydrogen production from methane should be integrated with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Carbon capture can be accomplished by absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation processes. The remaining challenges, prospects, and future research and development directions are described.

关键词： methane     catalytic conversion     natural gas     hydrogen production     CCUS    

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Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 667-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0767-7

摘要： Owing to the outstanding characteristics of tailorable electronic and optical properties, semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among them, organic polymer dots process large breadth of potential synthetic diversity are the representative of photocatalysts for hydrogen production, which presents both an opportunity and a challenge. In this mini-review, first, the organic polymer photocatalysts were introduced. Then, recent reports on polymer dots which showed a superior photocatalytic activity and a robust stability under visible-light irradiation, for hydrogen production were summarized. Finally, challenges and outlook on using organic polymer dots-based photocatalysts from hydrogen production were discussed.

关键词： polymer dots (Pdots)     photocatalysis     hydrogen production    

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The opportunity of membrane technology for hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen (P2H) roadmap

Hiep Thuan Lu, Wen Li, Ehsan Soroodan Miandoab, Shinji Kanehashi, Guoping Hu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 464-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1983-0

摘要： The global energy market is in a transition towards low carbon fuel systems to ensure the sustainable development of our society and economy. This can be achieved by converting the surplus renewable energy into hydrogen gas. The injection of hydrogen (≤10% v/v) in the existing natural gas pipelines is demonstrated to have negligible effects on the pipelines and is a promising solution for hydrogen transportation and storage if the end-user purification technologies for hydrogen recovery from hydrogen enriched natural gas (HENG) are in place. In this review, promising membrane technologies for hydrogen separation is revisited and presented. Dense metallic membranes are highlighted with the ability of producing 99.9999999% (v/v) purity hydrogen product. However, high operating temperature (≥300 °C) incurs high energy penalty, thus, limits its application to hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen roadmap. Polymeric membranes are a promising candidate for hydrogen separation with its commercial readiness. However, further investigation in the enhancement of H /CH selectivity is crucial to improve the separation performance. The potential impacts of impurities in HENG on membrane performance are also discussed. The research and development outlook are presented, highlighting the essence of upscaling the membrane separation processes and the integration of membrane technology with pressure swing adsorption technology.

关键词： power to hydrogen     membrane technology     hydrogen     energy    

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我国氢能产业发展战略研究

凌文,李全生,张凯

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 80-88 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.009

摘要：

本文从“双碳”目标背景和氢能在我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效现代能源体系中的作用出发，系统梳理了全球氢能产业的进展情况，从氢能产业规模、产业特点、产业政策等方面分析了我国氢能源产业的发展现状、发展需求和面临的主要问题。当前，我国氢能产业战略布局不断强化，氢能基础设施领域投资逐步开展，区域产业集聚效应初步显现，但存在标准体系不健全、产业同质化苗头显现、产业链尚未打通且应用场景单一等挑战。研究建议：进一步加强氢能产业发展顶层设计，系统构建制氢、储氢及用氢技术标准体系，加大氢能全产业链的试点示范与推广，提升氢能科技创新，实现高水平自立自强，进而推动我国氢能产业高质量发展。

关键词： 氢能全产业链；碳中和；碳达峰；制氢；供氢；用氢    

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Therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide donors: the potential and challenges

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 18-27 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0427-6

摘要：

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been considered a toxic gas and environment hazard. However, evidences show that H2S plays a great role in many physiological and pathological activities, and it exhibits different effects when applied at various doses. In this review, we summarize the chemistry and biomedical applications of H2S-releasing compounds, including inorganic salts, phosphorodithioate derivatives, derivatives of Allium sativum extracts, derivatives of thioaminoacids, and derivatives of anti-inflammatory drugs.

关键词： hydrogen sulfide     cardiovascular     cancer     hypertension    

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Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0870-z

摘要： Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

关键词： threshold solar water     splitting hydrogen III    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

我国天然气掺氢产业发展研究

仲冰,张学秀,张博,彭苏萍

期刊论文

Power to gas: addressing renewable curtailment by converting to hydrogen

Xiaohe YAN, Xin ZHANG, Chenghong GU, Furong LI

期刊论文

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Sainab Omar, Suzanne Alsamaq, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang

期刊论文

Improved blending strategy for membrane modification by virtue of surface segregation using surface-tailored

Shuai Liang, Peng Gao, Xiaoqi Gao, Kang Xiao, Xia Huang

期刊论文

Online gasoline blending with EPA Complex Model for predicting emissions

Stefan JANAQI, Mériam CHÈBRE, Guillaume PITOLLAT

期刊论文

Extending blending proportions of ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement blends:

期刊论文

PVDF ultrafiltration membranes of controlled performance via blending PVDF-g-PEGMA copolymer synthesized

Shuai Wang, Tong Li, Chen Chen, Baicang Liu, John C. Crittenden

期刊论文

A systemic review of hydrogen supply chain in energy transition

期刊论文

Recent advances of small-molecule fluorescent probes for detecting biological hydrogen sulfide

期刊论文

Production of hydrogen from fossil fuel: A review

期刊论文

Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

期刊论文

The opportunity of membrane technology for hydrogen purification in the power to hydrogen (P2H) roadmap

Hiep Thuan Lu, Wen Li, Ehsan Soroodan Miandoab, Shinji Kanehashi, Guoping Hu

期刊论文

我国氢能产业发展战略研究

凌文,李全生,张凯

期刊论文

Therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide donors: the potential and challenges

null

期刊论文

Approaching the commercial threshold of solar water splitting toward hydrogen by III-nitrides nanowires

期刊论文